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Historical Fiction Book Club - Past Titles: "Aria" by Nazanine Hozar

Take a look through our previous reads for our Historical Fiction Book Club.

About the Author: Nazanine Hozar

Nazanine Hozar is an Iranian-Canadian author best known for her debut novel, Aria, which garnered critical acclaim for its vivid portrayal of life in Iran during a period of significant social and political upheaval. Her writing delves into themes of identity, resilience, and the impact of history on individual lives.

Early Life

  • Nazanine Hozar was born in Tehran, Iran, and later emigrated to Canada. Her early experiences in Iran, combined with the challenges of adapting to a new life in a different country, have deeply influenced her writing. Growing up in Canada as an immigrant exposed her to multiple perspectives on Iranian history and culture, shaping the themes she explores in her work.

Education and Career

  • Hozar pursued studies in creative writing, earning her Master of Fine Arts (MFA) from the University of British Columbia. During her time there, she honed her craft and developed the skills that would lead to the creation of her debut novel.
  • Before becoming a published novelist, Hozar wrote essays and stories that reflected her interest in history, culture, and the immigrant experience.

Writing Career

  • Debut Novel: Aria (2019): Hozar's first novel, Aria, is a sweeping historical fiction set in Iran from the 1950s to the 1979 Iranian Revolution. The story follows the life of a young orphaned girl named Aria, as she navigates a society marked by political turmoil, cultural shifts, and personal struggles. The book captures the complexities of Iranian society during a period of dramatic change, touching on themes such as class disparity, gender roles, and the impact of historical events on ordinary lives.
    • Aria received praise for its richly detailed narrative and evocative portrayal of Tehran, with critics noting its ability to bring to life the beauty and tragedy of a country undergoing significant transformation. It was longlisted for prestigious literary awards and established Hozar as a significant voice in contemporary historical fiction.

Themes and Style

  • Hozar’s writing often explores the intersection of personal and political histories, using individual experiences to reflect broader societal changes. Her storytelling is characterized by its deep empathy for her characters and a nuanced depiction of the cultural and historical forces that shape their lives.
  • She is particularly interested in highlighting the voices and experiences of those who are often marginalized or overlooked in historical narratives, such as women and the poor.

Personal Life

  • Nazanine Hozar currently resides in Canada, where she continues to write. Her experiences as an immigrant and a woman of Iranian heritage inform her perspective, allowing her to bring a unique voice to Canadian and global literature.

With Aria, Hozar has made a notable contribution to literature, providing readers with a window into Iran’s complex history and the resilience of its people.

Synopsis

An extraordinary, cinematic saga of rags-to-riches-to-revolution that follows an orphan girl coming of age in Iran at a time of dramatic upheaval It is the 1950s in a restless Iran, a country rich in oil but deeply divided by class and religion. The government is unpopular and corrupt and under foreign sway. One night, an illiterate army driver hears the pitiful cry of a baby abandoned in an alley and menaced by ravenous wild dogs. He snatches up the child and takes her home, naming her Aria--the first step on an unlikely path from deprivation to privilege. Over the next two decades, the orphan girl acquires three mother figures whose secrets she will learn only much later: reckless and self-absorbed Zahra, who abuses her; wealthy and compassionate Fereshteh, who adopts her; and mysterious Mehri, whose connection to Aria is both a blessing and a burden. A university education opens a new world to Aria, and she is soon caught up in the excitement and danger of the popular uprising against the Shah that sweeps through the streets of Tehran. The novel's heart-pounding, explosive finale sees the Ayatollah Khomeini's brutal regime seize power--even as Aria falls in love and becomes a mother herself. Nazanine Hozar's stunning debut gives us an unusually intimate view of a momentous time, through the eyes of a young woman coming to terms with the mysteries of her own past and future.

Historical Timeline

The 1950s were a transformative and tumultuous period for Iran, marked by political upheaval, foreign intervention, and significant social and economic changes. Here’s a timeline highlighting key events in Iran during this decade:

Early 1950s: Prelude to Crisis

  • 1950: Iran struggles with political instability, economic problems, and widespread dissatisfaction with the ruling elite. The oil industry, dominated by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), becomes a focal point of nationalist sentiment.

1951

  • April 28: Mohammad Mossadegh, a nationalist leader, becomes Prime Minister after being elected by the Majlis (Iranian parliament). He advocates for the nationalization of the oil industry.
  • May 1: The Iranian government nationalizes the AIOC, renaming it the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC). This move is highly popular in Iran but sparks a crisis with Britain, which imposes an economic embargo on Iranian oil, leading to severe economic repercussions.

1952

  • July 1952: Following a power struggle with the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Mossadegh briefly resigns, only to be reinstated due to mass public protests. His return strengthens his position as a champion of Iranian nationalism and democracy.
  • Political Tensions: Mossadegh pushes for more control over the military and the reduction of the Shah's powers, deepening tensions between the Prime Minister and the monarchy.

1953: Coup d'état

  • August 1953: In an event known as "Operation Ajax," a covert operation orchestrated by the CIA (United States) and MI6 (United Kingdom) leads to the overthrow of Mossadegh. The coup is motivated by Western fears of Iran falling under communist influence and the desire to regain control of Iranian oil.
  • August 19: The coup is successful, and Mossadegh is arrested. The Shah returns from a brief exile in Italy and regains power, with strong backing from the U.S. and Britain.
  • Aftermath: The Shah consolidates power and begins a process of centralization and modernization, relying on U.S. support for economic and military assistance.

Mid-1950s: The Shah's Reforms and U.S. Influence

  • 1954: A new oil agreement is reached with a consortium of Western oil companies, allowing Iran to resume oil exports under terms favorable to the West. Although Iran gains more revenue than before nationalization, it does not achieve full control over its oil industry.
  • 1955: Iran joins the Baghdad Pact, a military alliance aimed at containing Soviet influence in the Middle East, further cementing its relationship with Western powers.
  • Domestic Reforms: The Shah begins implementing social and economic reforms aimed at modernizing Iran, including land reforms and investments in infrastructure, but these measures face resistance and are often unevenly implemented.

Late 1950s: Modernization and Growing Discontent

  • 1957: The Shah establishes the SAVAK (Iran's intelligence and security agency), with the help of the CIA and Mossad, to suppress opposition and maintain control. The agency becomes notorious for its use of surveillance, censorship, and torture.
  • 1958: Iran experiences economic growth, fueled by oil revenues and Western aid, leading to increased urbanization and modernization. However, wealth remains unevenly distributed, and the benefits of development do not reach all sectors of society.
  • 1959: The Shah continues to push for rapid modernization and Westernization, focusing on education, industrialization, and military expansion. His efforts generate both support and resentment, as traditional and religious sectors view the changes as too rapid and foreign-influenced.

End of the Decade

By the end of the 1950s, Iran had undergone significant changes under the Shah’s rule, including a stronger central government, closer ties with the West, and steps toward modernization. However, the seeds of future unrest were sown, with growing opposition to the Shah's authoritarian rule, dissatisfaction with economic disparities, and resentment toward foreign influence in the country.

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