Historical Fiction Book Club - Past Titles: "Sarah, Plain and Tall" by Patricia MacLachlan

Patricia MacLachlan is an American author known for her contributions to children's literature. Here is a brief biography of Patricia MacLachlan:

Early Life:

• Patricia Pritzkau MacLachlan was born on March 3, 1938, in Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA.

Education:

• Patricia attended the University of Connecticut, where she earned a bachelor's degree in English.

Family:

• Patricia is part of a family with a literary background. Her mother, Jeanette Lander, was a children's book author, and her brother, Dan MacLachlan, is an illustrator.

Teaching Career:

• Patricia MacLachlan started her professional career as a teacher, working with various age groups, including kindergarten and high school students.

Writing Career:

• Patricia began her writing career by penning picture books and novels for young readers. She is renowned for her ability to capture poignant moments and emotions in her writing.

The late nineteenth century, often referred to as the Gilded Age (approx. 1870-1900), was a period of significant transformation and complexity in the history of the United States. Here are key aspects and events that shaped America during this period:

1. Industrialization and Economic Growth:

   • The late 19th century witnessed rapid industrialization, with the expansion of railroads, the growth of the steel industry, and the rise of large corporations. This led to substantial economic growth, but it also resulted in wealth inequality.

2. Urbanization:

   • Industrialization spurred urbanization as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of employment. Major cities grew rapidly, leading to the development of urban centers with crowded living conditions and increased social challenges.

3. Technological Advances:

   • Innovations like the telegraph, telephone, and electric lighting revolutionized communication and daily life. Thomas Edison's invention of the electric light bulb and the establishment of the first electric power stations marked a significant milestone.

4. Labor Movements and Strikes:

   • The era was marked by labor unrest and strikes as workers sought better working conditions, fair wages, and shorter working hours. Events like the Haymarket Affair (1886) highlighted tensions between labor and management.

5. Expansion and Westward Movement:

   • The completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 facilitated westward expansion. The frontier continued to be settled, leading to conflicts with Native American populations and the closing of the frontier by the end of the century.

6. Agricultural Challenges:

   • Farmers faced economic difficulties due to falling crop prices, high debt, and overproduction. The late 19th century saw the emergence of agrarian movements, such as the Farmers' Alliance and the Populist Party, advocating for farmers' rights.

7. Reconstruction and Civil Rights:

   • The Reconstruction period following the Civil War (1861-1865) continued into the late 19th century. The struggle for civil rights for African Americans faced challenges, with the establishment of Jim Crow laws and the rise of racial segregation.

8. Political Corruption:

   • The term "Gilded Age" reflects the superficial glitter covering underlying social issues and political corruption. There was widespread political corruption, exemplified by scandals like the Credit Mobilier scandal and the Tweed Ring in New York City.

9. Immigration and Nativism:

   • Large waves of immigration occurred during this period, with many immigrants coming from Southern and Eastern Europe. Nativist sentiments and anti-immigrant movements, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882), emerged in response to the influx of newcomers.

10. Spanish-American War (1898):

    • The United States engaged in its first overseas conflict, the Spanish-American War, resulting in the acquisition of territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The war marked the U.S.'s emergence as a global power.

11. Cultural and Intellectual Developments:

    • The late 19th century saw the emergence of new literary movements, including realism and naturalism. Notable authors like Mark Twain and Henry James captured the complexities of American society. The era also witnessed advancements in education and the founding of universities.

12. Women's Suffrage Movement:

    • The late 19th century laid the groundwork for the women's suffrage movement. Activists like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton advocated for women's rights and the eventual passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.

The Gilded Age was a period of contrasts, characterized by economic prosperity and social challenges, technological innovation, and political corruption. It set the stage for the progressive era that followed, marked by reforms and efforts to address the social and economic issues of the time.